Plant diversity assessment of karst limestone, a case study of Malaysia’s Batu Caves

Batu Caves hill is typical of karst hills in Peninsular Malaysia due to its small size and high biodiversity. It harbours 366 vascular plant species that represent about 25% the Peninsula’s limestone flora. Five are endemic 23 threatened species. This biodiversity result many microhabitats, each with their own assemblages Threats especially severe as area surrounded by urbanisation encroaches foot cliffs, vulnerable fire, habitat disturbance and, formerly, quarrying. Assigning a Conservation Importance Score (CIS) all quantitative accurate, can be implemented rapidly produces reproducible results. Species highest CIS native primary vegetation, restricted substrates, endangered conservation status this case, Caves. allows not only species, but sites within different compared. By identifying surveying microhabitats focusing on locating maximum captured. Of 16 identified, most were buffer zone, lower levels steep earth-covered slopes cave entrances. Application method provides scientific basis for balancing need protect CIS, multiple uses various stakeholders, which, at Caves, include activities temples eco-recreation. also compare ensure those released mining.